also supported the aforementioned findings. In addition, they found that when the day–night equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level ( L dn) was greater than 63.5 dB, the percentage of highly annoyed individuals due to the road–rail CTN (the difference in L dn between the two sources was less than or equal to 5 dB) was significantly higher than that due to the one dominant noise (the difference in L dn between the two sources was larger than 5 dB, and the larger one was the dominant noise) with the same L dn. ![]() investigated the annoyance of residents induced by railway dominant noise, road traffic dominant noise, and road–rail CTN in Dalian. ![]() The effects of noise with different acoustic characteristics on organisms are different. However, high-speed railway produces intermittent noise, which is characterized by shorter duration, higher-peak sound level, and more low-frequency components. Highway traffic noise is relatively continuous. There are many differences in both time- and frequency-domain properties between single traffic noise and CTN from highway and high-speed railway. To save land resources, the highway and high-speed railway are always constructed in parallel, which results in an increasing number of population being influenced by combined traffic noise (CTN). ![]() With the increase of highway and high-speed railway mileage in China, the density of traffic network has increased continuously in recent years.
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